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An Oklahoma town so rich, it
inspired a Hollywood movie.

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If we had benefited from our own
resources,

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we'd have been like Kuwaitis or
Qataris,

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but somehow it all went out the
door.

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In Cambodia, a place of learning

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that was turned into a chamber of
horrors.

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For the survivors,

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it's really important to continue
to tell their stories.

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A secret facility in Latvia
designed with malicious intent.

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It's possible that they received
images of the Apollo mission

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before the American public.

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And an Italian wonderland
born of one man's vision

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that defies logical explanation.

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With the planes outside and all of
this stuff inside,

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it feels like some sort
of fever dream.

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Decaying relics.

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Ruins of lost worlds.

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Sites haunted by the past.

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Their secrets waiting to be revealed.

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In the sleepy town of Pawhuska,
Oklahoma, is the relic of a time

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when greed and treachery
ravaged a community.

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There must be at most, a few
thousand people living here,

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but the buildings are pretty grand.

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Why would all of this be here
in such a small town?

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A distinctive ruin at its centre
holds the key.

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Walking in, you find yourself
in a big entrance room or lobby.

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Intricate mosaics cover the floors,

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and ornate plasterwork decorates the
walls and ceilings.

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Other spaces look like they might
have been apartments.

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Some are stripped bare,

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while others still have desks or bed
frames inside.

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This must have been some kind
of hotel or boarding house, maybe.

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Its opulence has now faded,
but in its day this was

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one of the most prestigious
buildings in the area.

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There was clearly a lot of money
being made and spent around town.

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But where did it all come from?

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This building is linked to

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one of the biggest booms in economic
history.

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But everything you see was most
likely paid for with stolen money.

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It's because of what this land
had to offer.

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Soon it would all be soaked
in blood.

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I always tell people there's ghosts
here,

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and when I say this, the ghost
of our past, our history.

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Scott Trotter has a passion
for old buildings.

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Since 2021, he's been working
hard to preserve this one.

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This was where everybody came,

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all the wealthy, famous, infamous,

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they stayed here.

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This was the most luxurious
hotel anywhere in the area.

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There was a good reason
why this was the place to be.

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In the early 20th century,

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Pawhuska was one of the wealthiest
towns in America.

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This was becoming this new little
New York, here on the prairie.

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Every shop you can imagine,

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every car that they were making at
that time

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was being sold in these streets.

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What drew people here

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was the discovery of a valuable
commodity...

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..oil.

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It led into the, you know, the
free-flowing money,

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that black gold flowing through the
streets here in the 1920s.

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News of this boom quickly spread
around the country

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and outsiders flocked here looking
to get a piece of the action.

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We had all these oil moguls
and all these bigwigs,

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this is the place they'd come
and stay.

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This is the Duncan Hotel.

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It was named after and financed
by two entrepreneurial brothers

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lured to Pawhuska by the financial
opportunities it offered.

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The hotel first opened in 1910.

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Everybody was coming to this town
to start businesses

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and put in stores,

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and that's why they spared no
expense to build this place

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because they knew
they were going to fill it.

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In the mid 1920s, business
was booming so much in Pawhuska

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that the Duncan brothers decided to
build an expansion onto their hotel.

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These are some of the most
expensive pieces of porcelain,

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top of its line at that time.

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This was the best of the best.

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But everything at the Duncan
may have been built on a lie.

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One that has its origins

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when the rightful owners of this area
first acquired the territory.

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Talee Redcorn is a member
of the Osage Nation.

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They agreed their first treaty
with the United States in 1808.

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And then in the 1870s, we moved
from Kansas, had a treaty,

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and moved into Oklahoma,

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current Osage reservation.

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Part of the reason this land
was available

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is because white settlers saw this
region as being less desirable

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than other parts of the state.

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That's because only around 2%
of the land

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was suitable for growing crops.

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Little did they know, there was
a vast reservoir of wealth

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just beneath the ground.

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Oil really impacted the lives
of the Osage,

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and it brought a lot of money.

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Some estimates put it around $240
million,

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which is like billions of dollars in
today's money.

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We were, per capita, the richest
folks on this planet at that time.

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Suddenly you've got luxury car
dealerships, you know,

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high-end boutiques, fancy hotels
like the Duncan popping up.

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The entire town was transformed.

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But for the Osage, the discovery
of oil

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was both a blessing and a curse.

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When the scale of wealth became
clear, Congress passes a law.

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They say that basically anyone who
is half Osage or more

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has to have a court-appointed
guardian to look after them.

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The guardians were chosen from local
white businessmen and lawyers,

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who were given almost complete
control of their Osage ward's money.

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You got somebody that's your
guardian, and you're young

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and they're not looking out
for your best interests.

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Bad things are going to happen.

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It's believed that these guardians
swindled their clients

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out of millions.

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That money is ours, but it got out
of our control

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and out of our people.

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We like to say we built Ponca City,
Bartlesville,

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and Tulsa on Osage oil.

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It's also said that a lot
of the buildings in Pawhuska

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were actually built with stolen
Osage money,

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and it seems the Duncan Hotel was no
exception.

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If you follow the money, you'll get
the answers you're looking for.

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Descendants of Wakinyan, a local
tribesmen,

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attest that his oil wealth was
funnelled

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by his government-appointed guardian
into the hotel,

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without his knowledge.

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Once construction was complete,

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he was told that the venture he had
invested in had gone bust,

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and all the money was gone.

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So all the glamour and high-end
amenities of the Duncan

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are perhaps the product of the
widespread theft of Osage wealth.

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I've heard story after story
where the families were destroyed.

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It was just a movement of resources
away from the Osage

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and into someone else's hands.

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This tragic story would be repeated
across the Osage Nation.

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So if you've seen the Martin
Scorsese movie,

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Killers of the Flower Moon,

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it's showing the horrifying lengths
people would go to

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to get their hands on all of that
money.

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While the film shows the two main
characters

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being caught and brought to justice,

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this wasn't the case of everyone
suspected of being involved.

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This brutal period became known
as the Reign of Terror.

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It's estimated that hundreds
were killed

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and millions of dollars were stolen.

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My great grandfather, his name
was Raymond Redcorn.

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Possibly he was murdered.

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It's really impacted my family.

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The wealth that maybe other
Osages experienced,

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we didn't really have because of
this tragedy.

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It would take many years for the
sheer scale of the Osage betrayal

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to be widely acknowledged.

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For much of that time, the Duncan
continued to operate.

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Its fortunes still tied
to the oil industry.

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But in December of 1981,
a fire broke out.

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The inferno sealed the fate
of the Duncan Hotel.

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In 2011, after a ten year legal
battle,

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the federal government paid out $380
million to the Osage.

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The truth is, they are likely owed
much more.

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Regardless, Talee is focussed on the
future.

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Bad things happen, yes,

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but the better thing to do is to
move forward.

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TALEE SPEAKS OSAGE

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We're very appreciative to what
God's given us.

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And that's what's important to me,
especially when I get older.

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In Cambodia's capital is a seemingly
ordinary structure

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that served as the site of a betrayal
so shocking

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it still haunts the country.

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In the middle of a busy block,

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are a collection of rectangular
three storey buildings.

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It's a pretty nondescript structure.

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It's very institutional in
appearance.

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It doesn't look fancy.

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There are some grassy areas, perhaps
for recreation,

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which suggests that the site may
have had a civic purpose.

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But what exactly was it for?

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Off each of the breezy corridors

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are a number of different sized empty
rooms.

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The walls are bare and the floor
is tiled.

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If you imagine that there were
maybe desks in here,

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perhaps this was a classroom.

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But if this were a place of
learning,

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there are certain features harder to
explain.

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One of the buildings is covered
with barbed wire from top to bottom,

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and the interior is lined with what
can only be described as cells,

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and there are hundreds of them.

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Inside these walls,

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some of the greatest crimes
against humanity of the 20th century

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were perpetrated by a regime

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which basically pledged to wipe out
all opposition.

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MAN SPEAKS CAMBODIAN

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The search for answers inspired
Voeun Vandet

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to return to this complex as a
custodian of its history.

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The structure that stands here today
was originally built in 1962,

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it was the Preah Ponhea Yat high
school

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and the Tuol Sleng primary school,

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so these were classrooms.

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Yet nationalised education was a
new concept for the nation...

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..established once Cambodia gained
freedom

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from French colonial rule in 1953.

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Previously, only around 50,000
Cambodians

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received formal elementary schooling.

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Before long, it was around a million.

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For over a decade, this was simply
a place

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where children came to learn, play,
and be safe.

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But soon, even education
itself was considered a crime

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and punishable by death.

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But the transformation didn't happen
overnight.

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By the early 1950s, as the Cold War
escalated,

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China and North Vietnam fell to
communist regimes.

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The ideology also began
to take root in Cambodia.

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In the early 1960s, a small group
of Cambodians

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led by Saloth Sar, later known as
Pol Pot,

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formed the Communist Party of
Kampuchea,

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00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:19,560
later known as the Khmer Rouge.

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00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:23,920
They wanted a radical communist
revolution

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00:14:23,960 --> 00:14:26,280
that would erase all Western
influences

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00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:28,840
and set up a solely agrarian
society.

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00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:34,040
At first they were small in number
and posed very little threat.

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But when a right-wing pro US
military coup

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00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:43,320
toppled the head of state, Prince
Norodom Sihanouk, in 1970,

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00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:47,480
the Khmer Rouge began to attract
increasing support.

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WEAPON FIRE

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Civil war erupted, and over the next
five years,

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Pol Pot's forces gradually took
greater control of the countryside.

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He now had the numbers to launch
an all-out assault

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on Cambodia's capital.

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It seemed that after five
years of fighting,

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the war was finally over.

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00:15:24,480 --> 00:15:27,600
In reality, something far worse
was to come.

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After only a few hours,

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Khmer Rouge troops started
firing into the air.

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00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:40,520
This was the beginning of the forced
evacuation of Phnom Penh.

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00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:43,920
About 3 to 4 million lived
in the cities.

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00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:47,280
This big urban population in cities
like Phnom Penh

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was marched into the countryside

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and converted into peasants.

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In the space of 24 hours they had
to leave everything behind.

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Anyone who was thought to pose
a threat to this revolution

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00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:05,200
was rounded up in these specially
designed detention centres.

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00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:10,280
There were 189 of these sites
across the country.

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00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:12,880
This was the most notorious.

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00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:18,280
Its name was Security Prison 21.

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00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,080
On arrival, after being measured
and photographed,

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00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:25,400
the prisoners were stripped and
shackled to the floor

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00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:28,080
in a cell barely big enough to sit
down in.

246
00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:44,480
It was commonplace for the prisoners

247
00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:48,600
to be interrogated and tortured
three times a day.

248
00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:52,720
They were forced to give detailed
biographies of their lives.

249
00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:56,400
Often this information was then used
to round up other people.

250
00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:59,480
They would deprive them of sleep,
deprive them of food,

251
00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:01,960
beat them with sticks wrapped with
barbed wire.

252
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:05,520
Many of them would just make up
information to make the pain stop.

253
00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:10,120
The brutality of the Khmer Rouge
is absolutely shocking.

254
00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:12,320
If you were a lawyer, doctor
or teacher,

255
00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:15,280
that was enough to get you arrested
and killed.

256
00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:21,240
But as time went on, the Khmer Rouge
became increasingly paranoid

257
00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:23,920
and began to turn on its own members.

258
00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:49,320
Norng Chan Phal was nine-years-old
in December 1978,

259
00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:52,880
when the Khmer Rouge summoned
his father to the capital.

260
00:18:16,240 --> 00:18:17,360
On arrival,

261
00:18:17,400 --> 00:18:21,880
Chan Phal's mother was interrogated
in front of her children.

262
00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:43,800
The next day, the siblings were moved
to a different part of the compound.

263
00:19:12,040 --> 00:19:15,600
At that time, Chan Phal
and his brother were not aware

264
00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:18,640
that their mother was likely
killed that same day.

265
00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:22,960
Neither did they know that outside
the prison walls,

266
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,560
Pol Pot's grip on power was
weakening.

267
00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:29,120
Ultimately, it wasn't the Khmer
Rouge's violence

268
00:19:29,160 --> 00:19:31,560
against their own people that
toppled the regime.

269
00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:35,120
It was the fact they started a war
against their neighbours,

270
00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:38,000
Vietnam, Thailand and Laos.

271
00:19:40,320 --> 00:19:44,480
The goal was to take back territory
that had once been a part

272
00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:47,360
of the Khmer Empire centuries ago.

273
00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:50,920
In late December 1978,

274
00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:54,360
Vietnam launched a full-scale
invasion of Cambodia,

275
00:19:54,400 --> 00:19:58,080
sending tanks and thousands of
troops across the border.

276
00:19:58,120 --> 00:20:01,480
Khmer Rouge fighters made
a chaotic retreat.

277
00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:08,800
By early January 1979, Vietnamese
forces closed in on Phnom Penh.

278
00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:13,240
They found a city that was
practically deserted.

279
00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:17,720
And they discover this S-21
prison complex,

280
00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:19,240
and it's said that the way they
discovered it

281
00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:21,520
is they smelled rotting bodies.

282
00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:39,280
Norng Chan Phal and his brother
were two of those children.

283
00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:41,720
They only lived because they hid

284
00:20:41,760 --> 00:20:44,720
when the Khmer troops abandoned the
prison.

285
00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:09,800
By the time Pol Pot is deposed,

286
00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:13,640
it's estimated that he's basically
murdered

287
00:21:13,680 --> 00:21:16,760
about 1.5 to 3 million of his
people.

288
00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,600
At the very least, a quarter
of his own population.

289
00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:24,960
The newly installed moderate
communist government

290
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:32,240
chose to leave S-21 and to open it
as a museum of genocide.

291
00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:37,720
Pol Pot died before he could be
brought to answer for his crimes.

292
00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:49,000
S-21 exists as a prescient reminder

293
00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:53,280
of the human capacity to inflict
unspeakable cruelty.

294
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:56,560
For the lucky few that did survive.

295
00:21:56,600 --> 00:22:00,800
telling their story has become
a way of fighting back.

296
00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:36,960
In western Latvia are the remnants
of a forbidden site

297
00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,560
that for many years officially never
existed.

298
00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:50,480
We're about two miles from the
coast in an area of dense forest.

299
00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:53,520
But then you see the very distinct
type of housing

300
00:22:53,560 --> 00:22:56,800
that we saw after World War Two,

301
00:22:56,840 --> 00:22:59,840
it's not elegant, but it got
the job done.

302
00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:03,280
They seem out of place.

303
00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:05,480
Why would these apartment
blocks be thrown up

304
00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:07,160
in the middle of nowhere?

305
00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:09,320
Inside, they've been gutted,

306
00:23:09,360 --> 00:23:13,760
but there's a few kind of clues here
and there as to their former life.

307
00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:18,000
A little bit of wallpaper, a family
living room, a kitchen.

308
00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:24,160
While little remains to help piece
together a picture of who was here,

309
00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:27,640
the question of why they were here
is soon answered.

310
00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:30,640
Beyond the buildings rising
above the trees,

311
00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:33,640
you see these enormous antennas.

312
00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:36,320
These things look like something
you might use

313
00:23:36,360 --> 00:23:39,160
to search for signals from alien
life.

314
00:23:39,200 --> 00:23:41,520
But what are they doing here in the
middle of Latvia?

315
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:48,000
When the world stood on the
precipice of global conflict,

316
00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:53,200
this site held the key to humanity's
survival and destruction.

317
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:57,720
The stakes in the Cold War
are so high.

318
00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:01,360
If there is a way to defend
yourselves with technology,

319
00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:02,560
you use it.

320
00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:13,000
For two decades, most Latvians
didn't know this covert site existed

321
00:24:13,040 --> 00:24:15,760
because it never appeared
on any maps.

322
00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:21,880
In 2013, Arnis Berzins came to work
as a technical specialist

323
00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:24,160
at this remote facility.

324
00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:27,040
When I saw first time, I was amazed.

325
00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:32,320
This was one of the top secret
places in the Baltic states.

326
00:24:32,360 --> 00:24:36,600
In the city there was living 2,000
people from the Soviet Union.

327
00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,240
The motive for its construction was
simple,

328
00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,040
to gain the upper hand in the Cold
War

329
00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:46,080
by any means necessary.

330
00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:49,840
As the conflict intensified,

331
00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,480
the methods became increasingly
clandestine.

332
00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:56,360
Instead of direct confrontation

333
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:58,640
with kinetic weapons,

334
00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:02,200
the confrontation in the Cold War
is at a remove.

335
00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:05,840
It's technology versus technology.

336
00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:08,120
And the Soviets especially, were
obsessed

337
00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:13,040
with projecting an image of
competence and success.

338
00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:17,000
A pivotal moment in the race
for technological superiority

339
00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:22,680
came in 1957, when the battlefield
shifted to a new frontier.

340
00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:28,280
The Soviets had sent up the first
man-made satellite of Sputnik,

341
00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:32,200
which orbited the Earth, sending
down a beeping radio signal.

342
00:25:33,480 --> 00:25:36,040
This was a huge deal because for
the first time,

343
00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:39,400
messages could be sent and received

344
00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:42,120
between spacecraft and Earth.

345
00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:45,880
In the US, people were completely
freaked out by this.

346
00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:48,640
They had no idea the Soviets
were so advanced.

347
00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,960
Less than a year later, in 1958,

348
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:57,440
NASA was created to help combat the
threat.

349
00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:00,520
The space race was on,

350
00:26:00,560 --> 00:26:03,680
and our world would never be the
same again.

351
00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:06,680
Within the ten years after Sputnik,

352
00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:10,080
more than 800 satellites had been
launched by both sides.

353
00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:14,040
They've become part of our way
of life

354
00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:17,520
and they've become part of our way
of war.

355
00:26:18,840 --> 00:26:21,200
Whoever could communicate
the fastest

356
00:26:21,240 --> 00:26:24,560
would have a huge advantage in any
conflict.

357
00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:27,080
Especially in this nuclear age,

358
00:26:27,120 --> 00:26:30,960
when a devastating war might unfold
in just a few minutes.

359
00:26:31,960 --> 00:26:33,960
But with the right equipment,

360
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:38,520
these new communication lines could
be vulnerable to interception.

361
00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:42,960
That's exactly where this place
came in.

362
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:47,840
The US military had bases
all over Western Europe,

363
00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:51,160
and this facility was right on
their doorstep.

364
00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:56,040
This is the secret Soviet town
of Irbene,

365
00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:58,720
codenamed Little Star.

366
00:26:58,760 --> 00:27:04,160
In the late 1960s, its first radio
telescope began operating.

367
00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:07,280
Its mission had one goal.

368
00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:12,680
The purpose was to obtain
information data

369
00:27:12,720 --> 00:27:15,160
sent by enemy satellites

370
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:21,920
to NATO observation points in
Western Europe or in USA.

371
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:26,080
The information was going directly
to Moscow.

372
00:27:26,120 --> 00:27:30,560
All the equipment here was
state-of-the-art for its day.

373
00:27:32,160 --> 00:27:36,760
In Soviet times they use most, most
advanced systems they could get.

374
00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:43,040
So this one used for, to turning
like this 360 degrees around.

375
00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:45,960
And here you can change elevation
movement.

376
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:51,920
With this one...it's like this for
zero degrees to 90 degrees.

377
00:27:53,400 --> 00:27:56,640
They follow to track towards the
satellite

378
00:27:56,680 --> 00:27:59,040
and the operator was sitting here,

379
00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:04,800
put degrees elevation and then
they intercept the signals.

380
00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:12,240
The Soviets, desperate for any
leverage against the West,

381
00:28:12,280 --> 00:28:14,960
operated this site around the clock.

382
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:19,400
They have the daily schedule

383
00:28:19,440 --> 00:28:22,960
because satellites flying around the
Earth all the time.

384
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:27,920
They follow the one satellite
and then changed to another.

385
00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:31,000
And they worked 24 hours per day.

386
00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:34,040
To build, operate,

387
00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:35,800
and keep all of this running,

388
00:28:35,840 --> 00:28:38,880
it required a vast amount
of manpower.

389
00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:45,840
You need scientists to actually
capture the results of your spying.

390
00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:49,360
You need engineers to repair it.

391
00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:51,560
You've got to build a place
for them to live.

392
00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:56,240
There was four residential buildings

393
00:28:56,280 --> 00:28:58,880
which was given to officers and
their families.

394
00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:00,880
There was a medical centre,

395
00:29:00,920 --> 00:29:05,960
barracks for 500 soldiers,
kindergarten and school.

396
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:09,560
There was everything for quite
a good life.

397
00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:12,080
Over the next decade,

398
00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:16,520
Moscow's spymasters ordered two
more antennae to be installed,

399
00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:19,120
each one bigger than the last,

400
00:29:19,160 --> 00:29:24,960
enabling the Soviets to eavesdrop on
one of America's most iconic moments.

401
00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:30,600
ANNOUNCER:Ten, nine, ignition
sequence start.

402
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:33,640
ROCKETS ROAR

403
00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:41,240
And there's this story
that they intercepted in 1969,

404
00:29:41,280 --> 00:29:45,560
the signals from USA Apollo
mission on the moon.

405
00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:49,920
NEIL ARMSTRONG:One small step for
man...

406
00:29:49,960 --> 00:29:53,800
..one giant leap for mankind.

407
00:29:54,800 --> 00:29:59,160
It's possible that they received
images of Apollo mission

408
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,360
before the American public.

409
00:30:02,880 --> 00:30:07,240
But the true purpose of this complex
was far more sinister.

410
00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:11,200
It was intended to give the Soviets
an edge over America

411
00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:13,240
if nuclear war erupted.

412
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:18,360
In the late 1970s, it looked like
that moment had come

413
00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:21,080
when a US ally in Europe identified

414
00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:23,920
what they thought was a deployed
Russian missile.

415
00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:26,840
This news shocked the Soviets

416
00:30:26,880 --> 00:30:29,600
because they knew they hadn't
launched any weapons.

417
00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:31,720
It's said that they picked up

418
00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:34,680
some sort of panicked messages from
Sweden

419
00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:36,360
that said that the Swedish
technicians

420
00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:40,240
had picked up a sign of a Soviet
nuclear attack.

421
00:30:41,360 --> 00:30:44,360
If news of the alleged attack
reached the US,

422
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:48,680
the Soviets knew the outcome was
mutually assured destruction.

423
00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:52,360
At Irbene, all the radio operators
could do

424
00:30:52,400 --> 00:30:55,640
was inform their superiors and wait.

425
00:30:55,680 --> 00:30:58,120
They were listening in with bated
breath

426
00:30:58,160 --> 00:31:00,640
until the Swedish radio signals
reported

427
00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:03,400
that it was not anything to worry
about,

428
00:31:03,440 --> 00:31:06,280
but actually just like a large flock
of birds.

429
00:31:07,840 --> 00:31:09,400
This anecdote sounds kind of funny,

430
00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:12,280
but it shows it was entirely
possible

431
00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:16,680
for a devastating nuclear war to
begin just on a mistake like that.

432
00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:20,720
For the next ten years,

433
00:31:20,760 --> 00:31:26,200
workers at Irbene continued to listen
in on America and its allies.

434
00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:29,520
Yet it appeared the secret base

435
00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:32,400
wasn't as secret as the Soviets
thought.

436
00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:37,200
In the 1980s, listeners at the
station recall

437
00:31:37,240 --> 00:31:40,440
getting a message from the United
States that said,

438
00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:43,280
"Dear Soviet spies, happy new
years!"

439
00:31:46,520 --> 00:31:47,760
As it turned out,

440
00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:51,960
this was the very least of the
Communist regime's problems.

441
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:56,480
By the late 1980s, the whole Soviet
system was starting to crumble.

442
00:31:56,520 --> 00:31:59,480
They were bankrupting themselves
- with projects like this.

443
00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:05,040
The first pieces to fall are the
Baltic republics,

444
00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:07,640
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia.

445
00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:11,480
They all declare independence
from the Soviet Union.

446
00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:17,960
But the Russians weren't really keen
on handing over

447
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:21,200
a working spy station to a potential
enemy,

448
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:24,240
a potential American ally.

449
00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:28,480
When the Latvian officials arrived,

450
00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:31,120
they were pretty horrified to
discover

451
00:32:31,160 --> 00:32:35,960
that Russian security services were
destroying everything they could.

452
00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:38,000
The cables, like this,

453
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:39,360
this is examples,

454
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,880
there are nails in the cables,
and there was a lot of them.

455
00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:46,240
And they are pouring acid
inside the generators

456
00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:47,920
and electricity motors.

457
00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:54,360
The Latvian scientists
didn't give up.

458
00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:56,160
The former Soviet technology

459
00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:59,880
provided the perfect opportunity for
the newly independent nation

460
00:32:59,920 --> 00:33:03,400
to establish its own centre for
space study.

461
00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:06,560
It was really a big job.

462
00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:08,520
We put new systems.

463
00:33:08,560 --> 00:33:10,600
Everything was changed.

464
00:33:10,640 --> 00:33:13,240
We use for astrophysics,

465
00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:16,280
uh, radio astronomy and space
science.

466
00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:25,640
This place that was built as

467
00:33:25,680 --> 00:33:30,840
part of a Cold War military and
espionage operation,

468
00:33:30,880 --> 00:33:35,960
today is engaged in cooperative,
peaceful research

469
00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:37,880
and communication around the world.

470
00:33:43,800 --> 00:33:47,120
In northern Italy, 50 miles
from Venice

471
00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:49,960
lies an unlikely field of dreams.

472
00:33:56,520 --> 00:34:01,320
We're in an area that's a patchwork
of long, straight fields,

473
00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:02,840
little country houses,

474
00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:04,800
it's very, very idyllic.

475
00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:09,920
But then slap-bang in the middle
of this very ordinary scene,

476
00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:13,560
there's something completely
extraordinary.

477
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:18,240
There are these two giant,
rusting old aeroplanes.

478
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:21,440
It just doesn't make any sense
because there's nothing nearby

479
00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:24,440
that should have big aeroplanes
right there.

480
00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:27,760
So you just have to ask the
question, "Why are they here?"

481
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:32,880
Inside the control tower,
the plot thickens.

482
00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:36,840
There's what looks
like a professional oven.

483
00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:39,560
Now, I've not been inside many
control towers,

484
00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:41,480
but that doesn't seem normal to me.

485
00:34:42,520 --> 00:34:46,120
In an adjacent building,
things get even stranger.

486
00:34:47,240 --> 00:34:50,680
It appears to be some sort
of Renaissance villa.

487
00:34:50,720 --> 00:34:55,080
And everywhere you look, there's
some pretty iconic artwork.

488
00:34:56,760 --> 00:35:00,160
It is so bizarre to have these two
vastly different things,

489
00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:04,160
planes and Renaissance art all in
one compound.

490
00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:08,280
Everything seen here was
the brainchild

491
00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:11,160
of an entrepreneur with a wild
vision.

492
00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:14,080
But one who failed to consider

493
00:35:14,120 --> 00:35:16,320
the consequences of his ambition.

494
00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:22,040
Almost as soon as the doors opened,
it was forced into a tailspin.

495
00:35:31,960 --> 00:35:36,320
Luigi Stecca is the man responsible
for this surreal complex.

496
00:35:37,840 --> 00:35:39,840
HE SPEAKS IN ITALIAN

497
00:35:48,720 --> 00:35:52,120
The inspiration came to him
while working at a nursing home

498
00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:53,960
in the early 1990s.

499
00:36:02,880 --> 00:36:05,000
They would also talk to him about

500
00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:08,000
how they always dreamed of going to
Florence and Rome,

501
00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:10,800
seeing the great Renaissance
masters' work.

502
00:36:12,040 --> 00:36:13,920
So Luigi thinks to himself,

503
00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:17,840
"Maybe I can create a place to bring
these two things together."

504
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:20,000
"And if I can make some money
off the back of it too,"

505
00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:21,040
"then why not?"

506
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:27,280
In 1998, Luigi decided to turn
his dream into a reality.

507
00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:32,040
This is the Michelangelo Da
Vinci Restaurant.

508
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:34,680
A curious passion project

509
00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:39,080
that combined the romance of air
travel with food and art.

510
00:36:39,120 --> 00:36:43,280
From the very start, it was a huge
financial gamble.

511
00:37:04,840 --> 00:37:08,120
The cost alone of buying
and transporting the planes

512
00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:10,680
was in the region of £80,000.

513
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:30,840
Luigi then needed to arrange
a police escort

514
00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:32,280
to get them back safely.

515
00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:46,600
But he wasn't done yet.

516
00:37:46,640 --> 00:37:48,280
For his new venture,

517
00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:51,800
Luigi wanted to recreate
in perfect detail

518
00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:54,360
some of the world's finest artworks.

519
00:37:55,920 --> 00:37:59,120
This isn't a caricature
of the Renaissance.

520
00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:00,440
These are real paintings.

521
00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:01,800
They look good.

522
00:38:03,240 --> 00:38:06,320
You've got Michelangelo's
The Creation of Adam

523
00:38:06,360 --> 00:38:07,840
and The Last Judgement,

524
00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:11,800
the original of which sits above the
altar in the Sistine Chapel.

525
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:22,360
In total, that's around £3 million
of borrowed money.

526
00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:26,680
The pressure was on to make
the business a success.

527
00:38:27,880 --> 00:38:31,800
In the summer of 2000,
the restaurant opened its doors.

528
00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:51,040
You have aeroplanes attached
to a fake control tower

529
00:38:51,080 --> 00:38:52,720
in the middle of nowhere.

530
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:55,680
It's just wild that this place
was so popular.

531
00:38:57,520 --> 00:39:00,960
One reason was that Luigi
had a secret weapon

532
00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:03,640
to keep customers coming back for
more.

533
00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:07,920
The restaurant became famous
for its oval-shaped pizzas,

534
00:39:07,960 --> 00:39:11,240
which apparently was the only place
in Italy you could get them

535
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:12,280
at the time.

536
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:37,960
The money was pouring in

537
00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:42,120
and it looked like Luigi's ambitious
risk was paying off.

538
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:45,880
The rich and famous, politicians,
athletes,

539
00:39:45,920 --> 00:39:48,400
they all came to see this
restaurant.

540
00:39:56,680 --> 00:39:59,880
There was a constant stream
of people lining up

541
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:01,360
to get a table here,

542
00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:05,840
but it also caught the attention of
the wrong kind of people.

543
00:40:07,760 --> 00:40:09,960
After a few months of being open,

544
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:12,880
local authorities came knocking at
the door.

545
00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:16,040
But they didn't come for the pizza.

546
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:19,360
The government comes after Luigi,

547
00:40:19,400 --> 00:40:21,920
claiming that he didn't get
any building permits

548
00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:25,960
or the correct ones to build the
Michelangelo Da Vinci.

549
00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:38,600
The government demanded

550
00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:40,640
that the restaurant be brought up
to code,

551
00:40:40,680 --> 00:40:44,360
but they also demanded
that Luigi pay a massive fine

552
00:40:44,400 --> 00:40:45,880
for breaking the rules,

553
00:40:45,920 --> 00:40:48,920
which at the time was over half a
million dollars.

554
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:53,640
Luigi was on the verge of bankruptcy

555
00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:56,680
and faced losing his beloved
business.

556
00:40:56,720 --> 00:41:00,240
His only option was to fight back.

557
00:41:00,280 --> 00:41:03,000
He spends literally years
fighting this.

558
00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:05,640
He goes back and forth with
the authorities.

559
00:41:05,680 --> 00:41:08,560
They say he has to bring
his buildings up to code.

560
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:09,760
He says he will.

561
00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:13,160
But there was one thing that
government officials

562
00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:14,200
wouldn't budge on,

563
00:41:14,240 --> 00:41:17,040
and that was that he would have to
pay the massive fine.

564
00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:22,520
Luigi remained defiant...

565
00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:26,920
..but in 2015 the judge ordered him
to pay up.

566
00:41:28,080 --> 00:41:31,760
Although by that time the
Michelangelo Da Vinci restaurant

567
00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:35,120
had already been forced
to close...for good.

568
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:52,440
Over the next decade,

569
00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:56,320
Luigi's labour of love became the
target of vandals.

570
00:41:57,360 --> 00:42:00,720
Now, local businessman Gianluca
Bertin

571
00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:03,640
has big plans to bring it back to
life.

572
00:42:04,640 --> 00:42:06,640
HE SPEAKS ITALIAN

573
00:42:29,200 --> 00:42:32,200
Subtitles by Red Bee Media